Types of Vitamins
Vitamins: - These are small natural substances but necessary part of diet. A vitamin is an organic compound needed as a nutrient in very small quantity by an organism in human body. Vitamins are found in plants and animals. The importance of eating a certain food to maintain health and a different diet usually gives you all the vitamins you required. In 1912 Funk first gave the name vitamin to a substance found in foods. The name vitamin is obtained from “vital for life”.
Vitamins are difficult in structure and chemical composition. They were called A, B, C, etc.
Functions of Vitamins: – Main function of vitamin could be listed as their imperative role in:
Balanced health
Reproduction
Maintain physical growth
Digestion
Metabolism of nutrients
Fight against infection
Types of Vitamins:
There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-soluble.
A) Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamins C
Vitamin A: – Vitamin A in its complete and pure, found in animal foods. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin A is useful to the body. It is important for proper functioning of the epithelial cells. Vitamins are found in 2 types 1) Vitamins A1= Retinol
Or 2) Vitamin A2 or dehydro-Retinol
Source of Vitamin A: – Vitamin A is found in animal foods such as liver oil and eggs, milk, butter and cheese. It is also found in green vegetables. Fish liver oil contains maximum quantity of Vitamin “A” retinol.
Effect of Deficiency: – Night blindness, Xerosis of cornea, dry skin, teeth trouble, loss of weight, headache, infection ear and nose, jaundice etc.
Vitamin D: – vitamin D is to increase the calcium absorption. Vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus.
Source of Vitamin D: – Vitamin D is found in animal foods such as eggs, milk yolk, butter and cheese. Vitamin D can be made in your body when skin exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun.
Effect of Deficiency: - Rickets. It mainly occurs in children.
Vitamin E: – In 1923 Evans and Bishop invented Vitamin “E” and named it Anti-sterility-vitamin. Vitamin E prevents the oxidation of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membranes. This vitamin is useful for the metabolism of fats.
Source of Vitamin E: – Vegetables, animal foods, corn, soyabeans, groundnuts, coconut oils, Almonds are good source of Vitamin E.
Effect of Deficiency: - Heart disease, Skin disorder, skeletal myopathyn, anaemia in infants.
Vitamin K (Anti-Coagulation vitamin): – Vitamin K is known to be needed to blood coagulation by regulating the prothrombin level and to maintain proper bone density.
Source of Vitamin K: – Green Vegetables, Potato, Red Tomato are good source of Vitamin K.
Effect of Deficiency: - Poor clotting of blood, Hematomas, Hemorrhaging, blood in urine, Liver Cancer.
Water Soluble Vitamin
Vitamin B Complex: – Vitamin B complex is composed of many constituents. Vitamin B is known to be a collection of different vitamins they are:-
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine):- Vitamin B1 is necessary for the metabolism of glucose in the body. A Deficiency Causes, Beriberi, a disease of the heart and nervous system, Sleeplessness, weakness, blood circulation affected. Source of Thiamine is Wheat germ, bread, Yeast, legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, and milk.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):- Vitamin B2 is necessary for the reactions of coenzymes. Cracks at the corners of the mouth, soars, water in eyes, red tongue and a dry, disorders in skin is the result of deficiency. source of coffee, yeast, cheese, meat, milk and liver.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin):- Vitamin B3 is necessary for the appetite and mental health. Deficiency causes inflammation of the skin, weight loss, poor health, Insomnia, as well as mental slowing. Its source food grains, coffee, yeast, milk, liver etc.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine):- Vitamin B6 is necessary for the metabolism of proteins. Deficiency causes inflammation of the skin and mouth, the liver, the blood vessels, nausea, sleeplessness, vomiting, dizziness, weakness and anemia. Its sources liver, wheat gram, milk, vegetables etc.
Vitamin B12:- An essential factor in nucleic acid. The absence of this vitamin affects the production of DNA. Deficiency leads to anemia, low hemoglobin in blood, Delayed blood clotting, tension etc. Source of Vitamin B12is animal’s foods.
Folic Acid: – Folic acid in the metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. Deficiency causes anemia. Its sources Green leafy vegetables, liver, egg, yeast, milk etc.
Vitamin C: – Also known as Ascorbic Acid is a kind of suger which is useful for our body. It is essential for the health, of the teeth, the bones and the gums.
Source of Vitamin C: – Vitamin C is found in Leafy vegetables, fruits, Potatoes
Liver is the only animal food that contains it.
Effect of Deficiency: - scurvy, tooth decay, loss of weight , poor wound healing, and bone deformity in children, bleeding in gums.
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